View Details Einstein was wrong about black holes, what else? Use code veritasium at the link below to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan: https://incogni.com/veritasium

A massive thank you to Prof. Geraint F. Lewis and Prof. Juan Maldacena for their expertise and help with this video.

A huge thank you to those who helped us understand this complicated topic: Dr. Suddhasattwa Brahma, Prof. Carlo Rovelli, Dr. Hal Haggard, Prof. Martin Bojowald, Dr. Francesca Vidotto, Prof. Andrew Hamilton, and Dr. Carl-Fredrik Nyberg Brodda.

A special thanks to Alessandro Roussel from ScienceClic for his spectacular simulations and feedback on the video. Check out his channel here: https://ve42.co/ScienceClic

An excellent book on this topic and an inspiration for this video: Cox, B., & Forshaw, J. (2023). Black holes: the key to understanding the universe.

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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters! Join the community to help us keep our videos free, forever: https://ve42.co/PatreonDE

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If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

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References:
Thorne, K. (1995). Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy.
Relativity Playlist by ScienceClic - https://ve42.co/SCPlaylist
Hamilton, A. J. S. (2021). General Relativity, Black Holes, and Cosmology - https://ve42.co/Hamilton2021
Black Hole Events by PBS Space Time - https://youtu.be/vNaEBbFbvcY?list=PLsPUh22kYmNBl4h0i4mI5zDflExXJMo_x
Newton’s Letters via The Newton Project - https://ve42.co/NewtonMail
Einstein, A. (1915). Die feldgleichungen der gravitation. - https://ve42.co/Einstein1915
Why Time and Space Swap by ScienceClic - https://youtu.be/GQZ3R81iyE0
Schwarzschild, K. (1916). Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der Einsteinschen Theorie. - https://ve42.co/Schwarzschild1916
Wali, K. C. (1982). Chandrasekhar vs. Eddington—an unanticipated confrontation. - https://ve42.co/Wali1982
How to Build a Black Hole by PBS Space Time - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx4562gesw0
Oppenheimer, J. R., & Volkoff, G. M. (1939). On massive neutron cores. - https://ve42.co/TOVLimit
Oppenheimer, J. R., & Snyder, H. (1939). On continued gravitational contraction. - https://ve42.co/Oppenheimer1939
Schwarzschild Geometry by Andrew Hamilton - https://ve42.co/SchwarzGeom
Why all world maps are wrong by Vox - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIID5FDi2JQ
Hamilton, A. J., & Lisle, J. P. (2008). The river model of black holes. - https://ve42.co/HamiltonLisle2008
Mapping The Multiverse by PBS Space Time - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4v9A9hQUcBQ
Rotating black hole via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/WikiRBH
Wormhole Travel by PBS Space Time - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldVDM-v5uz0
Morris, M. S., & Thorne, K. S. (1988). Wormholes in spacetime and their use for interstellar travel: A tool for teaching general relativity. - https://ve42.co/MorrisThorne1988

Images & Video:
D3 Geo Projection Library by Mike Bostock https://ve42.co/d3geo
Interrupted Maps by Jason Davies https://ve42.co/DaviesMaps
Kazmierczak, J. et al. (2021). NASA’s NICER Tests Matter’s Limits. - https://ve42.co/NasaNICER
Bridgman, T. et al. (2024). M5.1 flare 'Double Whammy', at Active Regions 13559 and 13561. NASA SVS. - https://ve42.co/NasaFlare
Schnittman, J. et al. (2019). Black Hole Accretion Disk Visualization. - https://ve42.co/NasaAccrDisk
Wiessinger, S. et al. (2020). A Decade of Sun. NASA SVS. - https://ve42.co/NasaSunDecade
Skelly, C. et al. (2017). What is a Neutron Star? NASA SVS. - https://ve42.co/NasaNeutron
What would we see if we fell into a black hole by ScienceClic - https://youtu.be/4rTv9wvvat8
Earth texture - https://ve42.co/NASAEarth
First image of Sgr A* - https://ve42.co/EHT1
Image of M87 - https://ve42.co/EHT2
Polarized light image of Sgr A* - https://ve42.co/EHT3

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Directed by Casper Mebius
Written by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller and Will Wood
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello, Mike Radjabov, David Szakaly, Jonny Hyman, and Alessandro Roussel
Illustrated by Jakub Misiek
Filmed by Derek Muller
Additional research by Gregor Čavlović
Produced by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller, Will Wood, Giovanna Utichi, Rob Beasley Spence, Gregor Čavlović, and Emily Taylor

Thumbnail contributions by Ren Hurley and Peter Sheppard
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Storyblocks, and NASA SVS
Music from Epidemic Sound